There are some foundational use case requirements that all Mobile Operators have to consider. They have been with us for some time, through 2G and 3G networks and still remain key to 4G networks, as well as the emerging 5G networks too: sGi Firewall, Carrier-Grade NAT for IPv4 to v6 transition, RAN Security Gateway, Roaming Interface Security, Signalling Security for protocols such as GTP, SIP & Diameter. They are necessary functions and have had to grow and scale as the network demands have increased.
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